Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 4 Articles
Abstract: Chemical allergy is of considerable importance to the toxicologist, who, amongst other things,\nhas the responsibility of identifying and characterizing the skin (and respiratory) sensitizing potential\nof chemicals, and estimating the risk they pose to human health. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)\nis to a large extent a preventable disease. Although quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for contact\nallergy can be performed, it is reasonable to ask why the burden of the skin disease ACD appears to\nremain stubbornly high, and in particular, that the general level of ACD to sensitizing ingredients\nfound in cosmetics has not fallen noticeably over recent decades; some could argue that it has increased.\nIn this review, this conundrum is addressed, considering whether and to what extent the prevalence of\ncosmetic allergy is truly unchanged, whether the predicted test methods and potency estimations are\nsufficiently precise and how proposed changes to the QRA process (i.e., cumulative exposure) may\nameliorate the situation. Improved and more widespread use of risk assessment, better education of\nrisk assessors, better post-marketing surveillance and monitoring of dermatology clinic feedback to\nimprove QRA, all together could help to ââ?¬Å?make contact allergy historyââ?¬Â....
Abstract: Cosmetic products contain various chemical substances that may be potential carcinogen\nand endocrine disruptors. Women�s changes in cosmetics use during pregnancy and their risk\nperception of these products have not been extensively investigated. The main objective of this study\nwas to describe the proportion of pregnant women changing cosmetics use and the proportion of\nnon-pregnant women intending to do so if they became pregnant. The secondary objectives were to\ncompare, among the pregnant women, the proportions of those using cosmetics before and during\npregnancy, and to describe among pregnant and non-pregnant women, the risk perception of these\nproducts. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a gynaecology clinic and four community\npharmacies. One hundred and twenty-eight women (60 non-pregnant and 68 pregnant women)\nreplied to a self-administered questionnaire. Cosmetics use was identified for 28 products. The results\nshowed that few women intended to change or had changed cosmetics use during pregnancy. Nail\npolish was used by fewer pregnant women compared to the period before pregnancy (p < 0.05).\nFifty-five percent of the women considered cosmetics use as a risk during pregnancy and 65%\nwould have appreciated advice about these products. Our findings indicate that all perinatal health\nprofessionals should be ready to advise women about the benefits and risks of using cosmetics\nduring pregnancy....
The main regulatory frameworks governing the cosmetic industry dates back to 1938 in the United States (US) and 40 years later in Europe (EU). Since then, both the US and EU cosmetic legislations have inspired the regulatory framework of a number of countries working toward harmonisation of cosmetics legislation. During the years the requirements for the efficacy of cosmetic products have been implemented to adapt them to the state of the art; however no clear guidelines for efficacy testing on cosmetic products exist. The lack of guidelines and/or shared position on cosmetic testing represents the missing link between the regulatory requirements and the consumer protection from misleading claims in the real life. On the other side a regulatory claimed prerequisite is ineffective if clear and specific testing methodologies are not available to the cosmetic industry. This introduce a discretionary element decreasing the strength of the original regulatory requirement, having an impact on consumer protection from misleading claims, and sometimes decreasing the credibility of the cosmetic product in the marketplace. Initiatives aimed at developing clear, specific for cosmetic products, and effective guidelines should arrive from the academy, industry, and professional associations. This manuscript is aimed to give an overview of the main ethical, technical and regulatory concerns affecting the design of an efficacy study carried out on humans....
Abstract: Up to today, product safety evaluation in the EU is predominantly based on\ndata/information on their individual ingredients. Consequently, the quality and reliability of\nindividual ingredient data is of vital interest. In this context, the knowledge about skin sensitization\npotential is an explicit need for both hazard and risk assessment. Proper skin sensitization data of\nthe individual chemicals is essential, especially when dermal contact is intended, like for cosmetics.\nIn some cases, e.g., in the presence of irritating chemicals, the combination of individual ingredients\nmay also need to be evaluated to cover possible mixture effects. Today, it seems unlikely or even\nimpossible that skin sensitization in humans can be adequately described by a single test result or\neven by a simple combination of a few data points (in vivo or in vitro). It is becoming evident that a\nset of data (including human data and market data) and knowledge about the ingredient�s specific\nsensitizing potency needs to be taken into account to enable a reliable assessment of skin sensitization.\nA more in-depth understanding on mechanistic details of the Adverse-Outcome-Pathway of skin\nsensitization could contribute key data for a robust conclusion on skin sensitization....
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